纳秒脉冲表面介质阻挡放电激励改善飞翼力矩特性的实验研究

针对飞翼布局力矩控制问题,采用纳秒脉冲表面介质阻挡放电（NS-DBD）激励,在来流风速30 m/s时,开展飞翼等离子体流动控制风洞试验,研究了不同激励参数和位置对飞翼升阻特性和力矩特性的影响。结果表明,NS-DBD激励能够有效改善飞翼大迎角气动特性。激励频率对飞翼升阻特性影响较大,激励频率为0.2 kHz时,增升效果最好,最大升力系数提高14.5%,失速迎角推迟5°。随着激励频率的增加,增升效果逐渐变差,减阻效果变好。单侧施加激励时,能够实现大迎角下飞翼模型的力矩控制,随着激励频率的增加,滚转力矩的控制效果减小,激励频率为0.2kHz时,平均滚转力矩系数变化为ΔMX=0.005691;偏航力矩的控制效果增大,激励频率为1kHz时,平均偏航力矩系数变化为ΔMY=-0.001571;俯仰力矩的控制效果减小,激励频率为0.2kHz时,平均俯仰力矩系数变化为ΔMZ=-0.002576。在中翼段和内翼段施加激励,破坏了飞翼的俯仰力矩特性,在外翼段和机翼右侧施加激励,能够显著改善飞翼的俯仰力矩特性。流场测量结果表明：等离子体激励对飞翼气动力矩的控制,主要是通过控制流动分离和控制横向流动来实现的。NS-DBD激励为改善飞翼布局稳定性和操纵性提供一种潜在的技术手段。     

新型无尾联接翼布局气动特性研究

提出一种上下错开的无尾联接翼,即前翼或者后翼上反一定角度,使得前后翼垂直方向的相对距离从翼根处开始到翼梢处逐渐增大,以达到减小前后翼气动干扰的目的,搭接的小翼具有翼梢小翼作用,可有效减小诱导阻力。采用基于RANS方程的数值方法,研究了前后翼分别上反10°,20°和30°时对总体气动特性的影响,结果表明,当前翼上反且上反角为30°时其联接翼系统气动性能最佳。对该联接翼布局在Ma=0.85,0.95和1.20下进行了数值分析,结果表明,其升力系数变化较小,阻力系数在Ma0.85后才急剧增大,有应用于未来跨声速/超声速客机布局的潜力。     

低雷诺数下50°后掠三角翼的旋涡流动

采用数值模拟和流动显示的方法研究了50°后掠角三角翼在低雷诺数下的旋涡流动,结果表明:低雷诺数下,非细长三角翼在5°攻角时就形成了稳定的前缘涡,较小攻角时前缘主涡就开始破裂,并观察到泡型和螺旋型两种旋涡破裂方式。另外,在一定的攻角范围内,前缘主涡的外侧又生成一对新的集中涡,构成双涡结构;随着攻角的增大,前缘涡涡核不断升高,主再附线向中心移动,二次分离区扩大。     

基于准三维冰形算法的结冰预测技术及应用研究

机翼结冰是威胁民用飞机飞行安全的主要因素之一,准确预测机翼的结冰过程和特点,可为防除冰设计提供依据和支撑。提出了利用二维模拟三维的准三维冰形算法,该算法在保证结冰预测精度的同时,极大地降低了型号结冰计算成本;给出了顺气流和垂直于前缘两种典型民用飞机后掠翼机翼的二维剖面截取方法,并将采用该方法的计算结果与三维后掠机翼的结冰预测结果进行了对比分析。结果表明,相对于顺气流方式,垂直于前缘方式的准三维冰形算法与三维后掠机翼的结果更为接近。     

非对称变翼飞行器复合控制系统设计

针对非对称变翼飞行器的姿态控制问题，提出了一种复合控制系统的设计方法。基于非对称变翼的姿态动力学模型，将变翼作为一种主动控制方式，提出了非对称变翼的使用条件，并采用逻辑函数设计了气动舵和变翼的复合控制分配策略。利用扩张干扰观测器估计了变翼过程中的扰动，采用全局滑动模态的变结构控制方法，设计了姿态复合控制系统，抑制了变形过程中参数的剧烈变化和变形引起的附加扰动。通过仿真，一方面与固定翼飞行器对比，校验了非对称变翼控制的有效性；另一方面通过气动数据的正负拉偏，验证了控制器对气动参数的摄动有良好的鲁棒性。     

飞翼布局无人机变形机翼设计与模型验证研究

对飞翼布局无人机变形机翼和变形机翼传动机构进行了设计,根据设计结果制作验证模型进行风洞实验和外场飞行试验,以此研究伸缩段机翼对飞行器机翼整体气动性能的影响。结果表明:采用变形机翼技术,可以通过实时控制机翼的气动外形保持较高的气动效率,提高飞机在巡航状态下的升力和高速飞行状态下的机动性,满足飞机在各种任务剖面的战术性能要求。     

基于代理模型的大型民机机翼气动优化设计

先进的气动优化设计思想与方法，对于提升大型民机气动与综合性能具有至关重要的意义。探讨了大型民机超临界机翼气动优化设计的基本准则和要点，并结合代理优化算法，提出了一种面向工程应用的多轮次高效全局气动优化设计方法。首先，通过一系列解析函数/翼型/机翼优化测试算例进行了验证。其次，将所提出的方法与人工修型相结合，开展了针对宽体客机超临界机翼的两轮气动优化设计，使其气动性能得到显著改善。最后，采用不同的雷诺平均Navier-Stokes（RANS）方程求解器对安装优化机翼的全机巡航构型进行了典型状态的气动性能综合评估。研究结果表明，所提出的代理优化算法具有很高的优化效率、较强的约束处理和全局优化能力；将所发展的基于代理模型的多轮次气动优化设计方法与人工修型相结合，能够获得满足设计要求的气动外形，验证了该方法在大型民机超临界机翼气动设计中的有效性和工程实用性。     

Reconfigurable Flight Control Design for Combat Flying Wing with Multiple Control Surfaces

With control using redundant multiple control surface arrangement and large-deflection drag rudders,a combat flying wing has a higher probability for control surface failures.Therefore,its flight control system must be able to reconfigure after such failures.Considering three types of typical control surface failures(lock-in-place(LIP),loss-of-effectiveness(LOE) and float),flight control reconfiguration characteristic and capability of such aircraft types are analyzed.Because of the control surface redundancy,the aircraft using the dynamic inversion flight control law already has a control allocation block.In this paper,its flight control configuration during the above failures is achieved by modifying this block.It is shown that such a reconfigurable flight control design is valid,through numerical simulations of flight attitude control task.Results indicate that,in the circumstances of control surface failures with limited degree and the degradation of the flying quality level,a combat flying wing adopting this flight control reconfiguration approach based on control allocation could guarantee its flight safety and perform some flight combat missions.     

Inflatable shape changing colonies assembling versatile smart space structures

Various plants have the ability to follow the sun with their flowers or leaves during the course of a day via a mechanism known as heliotropism. This mechanism is characterised by the introduction of pressure gradients between neighbouring motor cells in the plant?s stem, enabling the stem to bend. By adapting this bio-inspired mechanism to mechanical systems, a new class of smart structures can be created. The developed overall structure is made up of a number of cellular colonies, each consisting of a central pressure source surrounded by multiple cells. After launch, the cellular arrays are deployed in space and are either preassembled or alternatively are attached together during their release or afterwards. A central pressure source is provided by a high-pressure storage unit with an integrated valve, which provides ingress gas flow to the system; the gas is then routed through the system via a sequence of valve operations and cellular actuations, allowing for any desired shape to be achieved within the constraints of the deployed array geometry. This smart structure consists of a three dimensional adaptable cellular array with fluid controlling Micro Electromechanical Systems (MEMS) components enabling the structure to change its global shape. The proposed MEMS components include microvalves, pressure sensors, mechanical interconnect structures, and electrical routing. This paper will also give an overview of the system architecture and shows the feasibility and shape changing capabilities of the proposed design with multibody dynamic simulations. Example applications of this lightweight shape changing structure include concentrators, mirrors, and communications antennas that are able to dynamically change their focal point, as well as substructures for solar sails that are capable of steering through solar winds by altering the sails? subjected area.     

基于充气前缘技术的旋翼翼型动态失速抑制

动态失速的发生会在直升机旋翼桨叶和桨毂上产生高的交变扭转振动载荷,并限制直升机高速重载状态下的使用包线。本文利用计算流体力学(CFD)方法对基于充气前缘(ILE)技术的SC1095旋翼翼型动态失速抑制进行研究,分析了ILE抑制动态失速的控制机理,获得了ILE结构布置和充放气方式对动态失速的影响规律。研究表明:ILE可以有效抑制动态失速的发生;ILE最大膨胀程度越大,其抑制动态失速的效果越好,但膨胀程度过大后抑制效果开始减弱;ILE在翼型上仰至最大迎角时恰好达到最大膨胀状态,其对动态失速的抑制效果最好;ILE保持最大膨胀状态的时间长短对抑制效果影响不大;在翼型上仰至不同迎角时开始对ILE充气会对动态失速抑制有较大影响;ILE整流段与翼型连接位置对动态失速抑制有很大影响,整流段越长,抑制效果越好。